Monday, November 17, 2014

Thinking with Type

     What are the advantages of a multiple column grid?

Multicolumn grids provide flexible formats for publications that have a complex hierarchy or that integrate text and illustrations. The more columns you create, the more flexible your grid becomes. You can use the grid to articulate the hierarchy of the publication by creating zones for different kinds of content. A text or image can occupy a single column or it can span several. Not all the space has to be filled.


     How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line?

60-70 characters per line


     Why is the baseline grid used in design?


Baseline grids serve to anchor all (or nearly all) layout elements to a common rhythm. Create a baseline grid by choosing the typesize and leading of your text, such as 10-pt Scala Pro with 12 pts leading (10/12). Avoid auto leading so that you can work with whole numbers that multiply and divide cleanly.


     What are reasons to set type justified? ragged (unjustified)?


Choosing to align text in justified, centered, or ragged columns is a fundamental typographic act. Each mode of alignment carries unique formal qualities, cultural associations, and aesthetic risks. Justified text makes a clean shape on the page. Its efficient use of space makes it the norm for newspapers and books. Ugly gaps can occur however, as text is forced into lines of even measure. Setting type to be ragged left or right can create a nice break from flush type and if done right should create a ragged edge within a body of text that alternates lines in and out.


     What is a typographic river?

In typography, rivers, or rivers of white, are gaps appearing to run down a paragraph of text, due to a coincidental alignment of spaces. They can occur regardless of the spacing settings, but are most noticeable with wide inter-word spaces caused by full text justification or monospaced fonts.



     What does clothesline, hangline or flow line mean?


A hangline is where the body text hangs to the right of the first line. A flow line breaks text up into horizontal sections using a line. They are useful in aligning images and help guide the viewer’s eye from one point to another.


     What is type color/texture mean?

type color/texture are design elements that add contrast to a design


     How does x-height effect type color?

It creates a denser typographic color.


     What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?



Indent or add a space between lines.

Wednesday, November 12, 2014

Pecha Kucha (Sebastiao Salgado)


Videos covering Salgado's work:

Genesis Project

The Silent Drama of Photography

Salgado Documentary


50 words describing his work:

Shocking

Overseen
Uncovered
Serene
Beautiful
Natural
Compassion
Keen
Vision
Hindsight
Calm
Stable
Consistent
Alive
Unbelievable
Insightful
Undiscovered
Venturing
Silent
Outspoken
Timid
Imaginative
Patient
Deep
Delicate
Sensible
Sensitive
Logical
Careful
Conscientious
Watchful
Powerful
Overlooking
Striking
Gentle
Responsible
Orderly
Close
Dutiful
Dramatic
Awesome
Direct
Helpful
Outgoing
Earnest
Emotional
Experienced
Preserving
Kind
Friendly
Mature
Modest


6 Key Words:

Striking: attracting attention by reason of being unusual, extreme, or prominent.
Preserving: maintain (something) in its original or existing state.
Logical: of or according to the rules of logic or formal argument.
Compassion: sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others.
Watchful: watching or observing someone or something closely; alert and vigilant.


6 Compound Words:

Over-Seeing
Under-Appreciated
Close-Preservation
Ultra-Patient
Re-Evaluating


Petcha Kucha on Sebastiao Salgado (Outline)


Slide 1

Salgado is a Brazilian social documentary photographer and photojournalist.
He has traveled in over 100 countries for his photographic projects. Most of these have appeared in numerous press publications and books. Touring exhibitions of this work have been presented throughout the world. Longtime gallery director Hal Gould considers Salgado to be the most important photographer of the early 21st century

Slide 2
Salgado initially trained as an economist, earning a master's degree in economics from He began work as an economist traveling to Africa on missions for the World Bank, when he first started seriously taking photographs. He chose to abandon a career as an economist and switched to photography in 1973, working initially on news assignments before veering more towards documentary-type work.

Slide 3
Between 1977 and 1984, after a few years of photographic adventures in Europe and Africa, Sebastião Salgado made several trips to Latin America, travelling from the coastal lowlands of Northeastern Brazil to the mountains of Chile, to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Guatemala and Mexico, through the indescribable and the locals ferocious fight for survival in the lands so arid and so poor.

Slide 4
In 1986 Sebastião Salgado began a series of reportages on the theme of manual labor, throughout the different continents. This work was conceived to tell the story of an era. The images offer a visual archaeology of a time that history knows as the Industrial Revolution, a time when men and women working with their hands provided the central axis of the world.

Slide 5
By 1999, Salgado was also completing Migrations, a six-year photographic chronicle of the human flood tides set loose around the world by wars, famines or just people searching for work. The project took him to refugee camps and war zones and left him wrung out physically and emotionally. “I had seen so much brutality. I didn’t trust anymore in anything,” he says. “I didn’t trust in the survival of our species.”

Slide 6
Salgado decided for his next project, why not travel to unspoiled locales—places that double as environmental memory banks, holding recollections of earth’s primordial glories? His purpose, Salgado decided, “would not be to photograph what is destroyed but what is still pristine, to show what we must hold and protect.” He likes to quote a hopeful statistic: “45% of our planet is still what it was at the beginning.


Slide 7
As part of the Genesis project, Salgado has made 32 trips since 2004, visiting the Kalahari Desert, the jungles of Indonesia and biodiversity hot spots such as the Galápagos Islands and Madagascar. He hovered in balloons over herds of water buffalo in Africa (“If you come in planes or helicopters you scatter them”).

Slide 8
He traveled across Siberia with the nomadic Nenets, people who move their reindeer hundreds of miles each year to seasonal pasture. “I learned from them the concept of the essential,” he says. “If you give them something they can’t carry, they won’t accept it.”

Slide 9
Salgados Genesis project is an attempt to portray the beauty and the majesty of regions that are still in a pristine condition, areas where landscapes and wildlife are still unspoiled, places where human communities continue to live according to their ancient culture and traditions. Once the Genesis project is completed, an international presentation of the images will be made in the form of one or several books and exhibitions the same way his other works were published.

Slide 10

After looking over a handful of Salgados’ work we can see some of the striking moments he captures as well as the purposes for this work whether it be to shed light on the reality of living conditions for people in struggling countries or to preserve an environment, I believe Salgado to be the most important photographer of our lifetime.


Monday, November 10, 2014

Photographer Research – Sebastiao Salgado

            Sebastião Salgado is one of the most important if not THE most important photographer of the 21st century. Brazilian photographer Sebastião Salgado is one of the most respected photojournalists working today. Appointed a UNICEF Special Representative on 3 April 2001, he has dedicated himself to chronicling the lives of the world's dispossessed, a work that has filled ten books and many exhibitions and for which he has won numerous awards in Europe and in the Americas "I hope that the person who visits my exhibitions, and the person who comes out, are not quite the same," says Mr. Salgado. "I believe that the average person can help a lot, not by giving material goods but by participating, by being part of the discussion, by being truly concerned about what is going on in the world." Educated as an economist, Mr. Salgado, 57, began his photography career in 1973. His first book,Other Americas, about the poor in Latin America, was published in 1986. This was followed by Sahel: Man in Distress (also published in 1986), the result of a 15 month long collaboration with Medecins San Frontières covering the drought in northern Africa. From 1986 to 1992 he documented manual labour world-wide, resulting in a book and exhibition called Workers, a monumental undertaking that confirmed his reputation as a photo documentarian of the first order. From 1993 to 1999, he turned his attention to the global phenomenon of mass displacement of people, resulting in the internationally acclaimed books Migrations andThe Children published in 2000. In the introduction to Migrations, he wrote, "More than ever, I feel that the human race is one. There are differences of colour, language, culture and opportunities, but people's feelings and reactions are alike. People flee wars to escape death, they migrate to improve their fortunes, they build new lives in foreign lands, they adapt to extreme hardship….". 

             Working entirely in a black-and-white format, Mr. Salgado's respect for his subjects and his determination to draw out the larger meaning of what is happening to them, has created an imagery that testifies to the fundamental dignity of all humanity while simultaneously protesting its violation by war, poverty and other injustices.Over the years Mr. Salgado has collaborated generously with international humanitarian organizations including UNICEF, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees (UNHCR), the World Health Organization (WHO), Medecins Sans Frontières and Amnesty International. With his wife, Lélia Wanick Salgado, he is presently supporting a reforestation and community revitalization project in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. In September 2000, supported by the United Nations and UNICEF, Mr. Salgado exhibited 90 portraits of displaced children taken from his book The Children exhibited at UN Headquarters in New York. These stunning photographs bear solemn witness to the 30 million people throughout the world, mostly children and women, who are without a permanent home. In other collaborations with UNICEF, Mr. Salgado has donated reproduction rights to several of his photographs to support the Global Movement for Children and to illustrate a book by Mozambique's Graça Machel, updating her 1996 report as United Nations Special Representative on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Children. Presently, in a joint project with the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, he is documenting the global campaign to eradicate this disease. Mr. Salgado lives in Paris, France, with his family. His wife, Lélia Wanick Salgado, directs their company, Amazonas Images, and has designed his major books and exhibitions.


Here are some links where some of his works can be found: 

Salgado's Personal Website 
CoolHunting.com
Beetles&Huxley.com

Below is a handfool of Photography from Salgados projects.